Three-dimensional urban form has a considerable influence on urban sustainability, being
the reason spatial planning regulate it. Yet, we know very little about the development of …

Multi-temporal measurements quantifying the changes to the Earth's surface are critical for
understanding many natural, anthropogenic, and social processes. Researchers typically …

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of flooding.
Furthermore, in recent years, there has been an increase in city extent and population …

Energy retrofitting of existing buildings plays a key role in the European targets of Green
House Gas reduction. The addition or substitution of construction materials is needed to …

The immigration of foreign retirees to Spain's southeast coast is a tradition that stretches
back decades. This phenomenon has modified the demographic structure of many towns …

Today, anthropic morphologies in river deltas are widespread. The natural morpho-
dynamics interact with engineered structures or urbanisation and shape hybrid features not …

Analyzing and understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics and the driving factors of
urban expansion over time is crucial for providing solutions to address social, economic and …

The inclusion of technological solutions in modern cities opens the possibility to new attacks
that can significantly affect the continuity of cities' services operations. From a security …

Density is a crucial indicator for urban sustainable development and is considered a critical
factor influencing the carbon emission intensity of construction land (CICL). The impact of …

GIS data on the evolution of railway networks facilitate the study of the role played by the
expansion of transport infrastructure since the industrial revolution. The arrival of the railway …