The surfaces of many bacteria are decorated with long, exquisitely thin appendages called
type IV pili (T4P), dynamic filaments that are rapidly polymerized and depolymerized from a …

The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a multi‐protein complex used by many bacteria to
move substrates across their cell membrane. Substrates released into the environment …

Type IV pili (T4Ps) are abundant in many bacterial and archaeal species, where they play
important roles in both surface sensing and twitching motility, with implications for adhesion …

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a microbial predator that offers promise as a living antibiotic for
its ability to kill Gram-negative bacteria, including human pathogens. Even after six decades …

Abstract Using a new Titan Krios stage equipped with a single-axis holder, we developed
two methods to accelerate the collection of tilt-series. We demonstrate a continuous-tilting …

Type 4 filaments (T4F) are a superfamily of filamentous nanomachines–virtually ubiquitous
in prokaryotes and functionally versatile–of which type 4 pili (T4P) are the defining member …

Type IVa pili (T4P) are bacterial surface structures that enable motility, adhesion, biofilm
formation and virulence. T4P are assembled by nanomachines that span the bacterial cell …

Single-particle reconstruction (SPR) from electron microscopy (EM) images is widely used in
structural biology, but it lacks direct information on protein identity. To address this limitation …

Cholera is an acute secretory diarrhoeal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
The key determinants of cholera pathogenicity, cholera toxin (CT), and toxin co-regulated …

In rod‐shaped bacteria, type IV pili (Tfp) promote twitching motility by assembling and
retracting at the cell pole. In Myxococcus xanthus, a bacterium that moves in highly …