Mitochondria have cell-type specific phenotypes, perform dozens of interconnected
functions and undergo dynamic and often reversible physiological recalibrations. Given their …

The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules
derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all …

Molecular oxygen (O2) sustains intracellular bioenergetics and is consumed by numerous
biochemical reactions, making it essential for most species on Earth. Accordingly, decreased …

The lungs are exposed to reactive oxygen species oxygen (ROS) produced as a result of
inhalation of oxygen, as well as smoke and other air pollutants. Cell metabolism and the …

Mitochondria are the energy center of the cell. They are found in the cell cytoplasm as
dynamic networks where they adapt energy production based on the cell's needs. They are …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in cancer. The level of
ROS will determine physiological effects. While high levels of ROS can cause damage to …

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is central to the pathology of major cardiovascular diseases,
such as stroke and myocardial infarction. IR injury is mediated by several factors including …

Mitochondria sense and respond to many stressors and can support cell survival or death
through energy production and signalling pathways. Mitochondrial responses depend on …

Mammalian cells respond to stress by activating mechanisms that support cellular functions
and hence maintain microenvironmental and organismal homeostasis. Intracellular …