Typing methods for discriminating different bacterial isolates of the same species are
essential epidemiological tools in infection prevention and control. Traditional typing …

For nearly one hundred years, researchers have attempted to categorize botulinum
neurotoxin-producing clostridia and the toxins that they produce according to biochemical …

Clostridium botulinum Group I and Clostridium sporogenes are closely related bacteria
responsible for foodborne, infant and wound botulism. A comparative genomic study with …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the etiological agents of botulism, are the deadliest toxins
known to humans. Yet, thanks to their biological and toxicological features, BoNTs have …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most lethal toxins among all bacterial, animal, plant
and chemical poisonous compounds. Although a great effort has been made to understand …

The environmental conditions generated by war and characterized by poverty,
undernutrition, stress, difficult access to safe water and food as well as lack of environmental …

Genotyping of important medical or veterinary prokaryotes has become a very important tool
during the last decades. Rapid development of fragment-separation and sequencing …

Highlights•C. botulinum Groups I and II form botulinum neurotoxin and cause foodborne
botulism.•Increased knowledge of C. botulinum Group I and II genomes and neurotoxin …

The whole genomes for six botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridial strains were
sequenced to provide references for under-represented toxin types, bivalent strains or …

Food-borne diseases contribute to the huge burden of sickness and death globally and in
the last decade, have become more frequently reported in Africa. In line with this, food safety …