Periodontitis has been associated with many systemic diseases and conditions, including
metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur concomitantly …

Macrophages become activated initiating innate immune responses. Depending on the
signals, macrophages obtain an array of activation phenotypes, described by the broad …

Macrophages, circulating in the blood or concatenated into different organs and tissues
constitute the first barrier against any disease. They are foremost controllers of both innate …

Dysregulated inflammation is a central pathological process in diverse disease states.
Traditionally, therapeutic approaches have sought to modulate the pro-or anti-inflammatory …

Unhealable diabetic wounds need to be addressed with the help of newer, more efficacious
strategies. Exosomes combined with biomaterials for sustained delivery of therapeutic …

Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) belongs to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
They are highly conserved receptors that recognize conserved pathogen‐associated …

LPS is a potent trigger of macrophage-mediated inflammation. However, prolonged
exposure to LPS induces a state of tolerance that reprograms the inflammatory response …

Human primary monocytes comprise a heterogeneous population that can be classified into
three subsets based on CD14 and CD16 expression: classical (CD14high/CD16−) …

Excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune system can be deleterious to the
organism, warranting multiple molecular mechanisms to control and properly terminate …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that can play critical
roles as regulators of numerous pathways and biological processes including the immune …