Significance: Measurement and imaging of hemoglobin oxygenation are used extensively in
the detection and diagnosis of disease; however, the applied instruments vary widely in their …

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive imaging tool used for in vivo
visualization of the skin. It has been extensively studied for use in the evaluation of …

Microrobots that can be precisely guided to target lesions have been studied for in vivo
medical applications. However, existing microrobots have challenges in vivo such as …

Apicomplexan parasites exhibit tremendous diversity in much of their fundamental cell
biology, but study of these organisms using light microscopy is often hindered by their small …

Single-cell or particle characterization typically requires multiple technologies for
simultaneous physical and chemical quantitative analysis. Despite the tremendous …

Paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) have recently attracted attention as a
point-of-care test kit because of their low cost and nonrequirement for external forces. To …

Efficient enrichment and accurate diagnosis of cancer cells from biological samples can
guide effective treatment strategies. However, the accessibility and accuracy of rapid …

Osmotic conditions play an important role in the cell properties of human red blood cells
(RBCs), which are crucial for the pathological analysis of some blood diseases such as …

Metasurface thin films created from arrays of structured optical elements have been shown
to perform spatial filtering of optical signals. To extend their usefulness it is important that the …

Elastic light scattering (ELS) from single micron-sized particles has been used as a fast, non-
destructive diagnostic tool in life science, physics, chemistry, climatology, and astrophysics …