Production of sperm and androgens is the main function of the testis. This depends on
normal development of both testicular somatic cells and germ cells. A genetic program …

Azoospermia affects 1% of men, and it can be due to:(i) hypothalamic-pituitary
dysfunction,(ii) primary quantitative spermatogenic disturbances,(iii) urogenital duct …

Y chromosomes underlie sex determination in mammals, but their repeat-rich nature has
hampered sequencing and associated evolutionary studies. Here we trace Y evolution …

STUDY QUESTION Which genes are confidently linked to human monogenic male
infertility? SUMMARY ANSWER Our systematic literature search and clinical validity …

Sex chromosomes harbour a primary sex-determining signal that triggers sexual
development of the organism. However, diverse sex chromosome systems have been …

The genetic basis for combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is complex, involving
30 genes in a variety of syndromic and nonsyndromic presentations. Molecular diagnosis of …

Sex is prevalent in nature and sex determination is one of the most fundamental biological
processes, while the way of initiating female and male development exhibits remarkable …

Sexual dimorphism is one of the most pervasive and diverse features of animal morphology,
physiology, and behavior. Despite the generality of the phenomenon itself, the mechanisms …

Sex-specific gonadal development starts with formation of the bipotential gonad, which then
differentiates into either a mature testis or an ovary. This process is dependent on activation …

Although the molecular mechanisms underlying many developmental events are conserved
across vertebrate taxa, the lability at the top of the sex‐determining (SD) cascade has been …