Plastics pollution is causing an environmental crisis, prompting the development of new
approaches for recycling, and upcycling. Here, we review challenges and opportunities in …

Energy from renewable resources is central to environmental sustainability. Among the
renewables, sunlight-driven fuel synthesis is a sustainable and economical approach to …

The development of biofuels has been considered as an important countermeasure to abate
anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, suppress deteriorated atmospheric greenhouse effect, and …

The valorisation of the plant biopolymer lignin is now recognised as essential to enabling
the economic viability of the lignocellulosic biorefining industry. In this context, the “lignin …

Energy consumption was skyrocketing along with fast economic development as well as
continuous global population growth. Furthermore, environmental concerns about …

The utilization of lignocellulosic biomass to produce fuels and chemicals is an effective way
to gradually relieve the global threats of petroleum exhaustion and climate change …

Lignocellulosic biomass is an effective and sustainable alternative for petroleum-derived
fuels and chemicals to produce biofuels and bio-based products. Despite the high …

Biomass is currently the most widespread form of renewable energy and its exploitation is
further increasing due to the concerns over the devastative impacts of fossil fuel …

The increasingly severe environmental pollution and energy shortage issues have
demanded the production of renewable and sustainable biofuels to replace conventional …

Regarding the supply of fossil fuels, greenhouse gasses emission, global warming, and
increasing fuel price; there is a need to find alternative energy resources, which are …