Aggression is a social behavior essential for securing resources and defending oneself and
family. Thanks to its indispensable function in competition and thus survival, aggression …

Birdsong is often regarded as an aggressive signal. More specifically, particular singing
behaviours are hypothesized to be threatening, including song type matching, frequency …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

Animal acoustic communication is one of the most fruitful research areas in behavioural and
evolutionary biology. Work in this area depends largely on quantifying the structure of …

It is well known that non-human animals respond to information encoded in vocal signals,
and the same can be said of humans. Specifically, human voice pitch affects how speakers …

Animals in urban habitats are often noticeably bold in the presence of humans. Such
boldness may arise due to habituation, as urban animals learn, through repeated exposure …

Animals in urban habitats face a number of unique stresses, including the necessity of
dealing with high levels of human activity. Growing research suggests that:(1) inherent traits …

Conspicuous colored patches on animals often serve as sexually selected signals that
advertise male quality. Such colored traits facilitate assessment of risks associated with a …

In eight groups of animals, including humans and songbirds, juveniles are understood to
learn vocalizations by listening to adults [1–4]. Experimental studies of laboratory-reared …

Aggressive encounters between animals often involve significant amounts of signalling
before or in lieu of physical fights. When, as is often the case, these apparent threat signals …