In the development of therapeutic strategies for human diseases, preclinical experimental
models have a key role. However, the preclinical immunomodulatory therapies developed …

Over the years, many explanations have been put forward to explain early and late deaths
following hemorrhagic trauma. Most include single-event, sequential contributions from …

Globally, a staggering 310 million major surgeries are performed each year; around 40 to 50
million in USA and 20 million in Europe. It is estimated that 1–4% of these patients will die …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most prevalent inflammatory joint disease worldwide,
leading to irreversible disability and even mortality. Unfortunately, current treatment …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) heavily impacts the body: it damages the brain tissue and the
peripheral nervous system and shifts homeostasis in many types of tissue. An acute brain …

When a traumatic injury exceeds the body's internal tolerances, the innate immune and
inflammatory systems are rapidly activated, and if not contained early, increase morbidity …

Background The trauma of surgery is a neglected area of research. Our aim was to examine
the differential expression of genes of stress, metabolism and inflammation in the major …

Traumatic-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is often associated with significant bleeding,
transfusion requirements, inflammation, morbidity, and mortality. This review considers TIC …

Specific pathogen-free (SPF) animals are bred and managed to exclude pathogens
associated with significant morbidity or mortality that may secondarily pose a risk to public …

Aging results in higher susceptibility to age-related disease, especially cardiovascular
disease, which has become a public health priority. 1, 2 Recent studies have progressively …