Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter secreted by cholinergic neurons, is involved in signal
transduction related to memory and learning ability. Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive …

The two β-arrestins, β-arrestin-1 and-2 (systematic names: arrestin-2 and-3, respectively),
are multifunctional intracellular proteins that regulate the activity of a very large number of …

Neurological and immunological signals constitute an extensive regulatory network in our
body that maintains physiology and homeostasis. The cholinergic system plays a significant …

Modern interest in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activators for schizophrenia
began in the 1990s when xanomeline, an M 1/M 4-preferring mAChR agonist developed for …

Current therapies for Alzheimer's disease seek to correct for defective cholinergic
transmission by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine through inhibition of …

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-biased agonism, selective activation of certain signaling
pathways relative to others, is thought to be directed by differential GPCR phosphorylation" …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and
despite extensive research, only a few drugs are available for management of the disease …

Biased G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands, which preferentially activate G protein
or β-arrestin signaling pathways, are leading to the development of drugs with superior …

The M1 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are highly pursued drug
targets for neurological diseases, in particular for Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia …

The architecture of eukaryotic cells is defined by extensive membrane-delimited
compartments, which entails separate metabolic processes that would otherwise interfere …