The most influential account of phasic dopamine holds that it reports reward prediction
errors (RPEs). The RPE-based interpretation of dopamine signaling is, in its original form …

Highlights•In VTA GABA neurons, KCC2 is downregulated by stress and drug
use.•Downregulation of KCC2 is associated with a variety of behavioral changes.•KCC2 …

The prediction error account of delusions has had success. However, its explanation of
delusions with different contents has been lacking. Persecutory delusions and paranoia are …

Learning causal relationships relies on understanding how often one event precedes
another. To investigate how dopamine neuron activity and neurotransmitter release change …

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons regulate reward-related associative
learning and reward-driven motivated behaviors, but how these processes are coordinated …

Post‐stroke depression is a common complication that imposes significant burdens and
challenges on patients. The occurrence of depression is often associated with frontal lobe …

Environmental cues, through Pavlovian learning, become conditioned stimuli that invigorate
and guide animals toward rewards. Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area …

Romantic engagement can bias sensory perception. This' love blindness' reflects a common
behavioral principle across organisms: favoring pursuit of a coveted reward over potential …

Willingness to exert effort for a given goal is dependent on the magnitude of the potential
rewards and effort costs of an action. Such effort-based decision making is an essential …

Efficient decision-making requires two key processes: learning values from actions and
identifying a set of relevant actions to learn from in a given context. While dopamine (DA) is …