Laboratory studies have traditionally indicated that aquatic insects are relatively insensitive
to metals while field studies have suggested them to be among the most sensitive aquatic …

In recent years, as an emerging material, nanomaterials have rapidly expanded from
laboratories to large-scale industrial productions. Along with people's productive activities …

In ecotoxicology, the state of the art for effect assessment of chemical mixtures is through
multiple dose—response analysis of single compounds and their combinations …

Cucumis sativus (cucumber) was tested to assess an ecotoxicity in soils contaminated by the
heavy metals copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) separately and in combinations …

Two different concepts, termed concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA),
describe general relationships between the effects of single substances and their …

The paper addresses problems arising from effects of natural environmental factors on
toxicity of pollutants to organisms. Most studies on interactions between toxicants and …

The discharge of untreated electroplating wastewaters directly into the environment is a
certain source of heavy metals in surface waters. Even though heavy metal discharge is …

The acute toxicities of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) to important crop plants Sorghum bicolor,
Cucumis sativus, Triticum aestivum, and Zea mays were compared. The EC50 values (the …

The toxicities of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium ions and various concentrations of mixtures
of them were studied using sea urchin (Strongylocentyotus intermedius) embryo-larval …

Since most risk assessment for toxicants is based on individual single-species test, the
deduction of such results to ecosystem evaluation is afflicted with uncertainties. Herein, we …