Color vision is widespread among insects but varies among species, depending on the
spectral sensitivities and interplay of the participating photoreceptors. The spectral sensitivity …

A century ago, Cajal noted striking similarities between the neural circuits that underlie
vision in vertebrates and flies. Over the past few decades, structural and functional studies …

The anatomy of many neural circuits is being characterized with increasing resolution, but
their molecular properties remain mostly unknown. Here, we characterize gene expression …

Golgi studies of the neurons in the optic lobes of Drosophila melanogaster reveal a large
number of neuronal cell types. These can be classified as either columnar or tangential …

The Drosophila ventral nerve cord (VNC) receives and processes descending signals from
the brain to produce a variety of coordinated locomotor outputs. It also integrates sensory …

In the central nervous system (CNS) of both vertebrates and invertebrates, biogenic amines
are important neuroactive molecules. Physiologically, they can act as neurotransmitters …

The synaptic connections within the lamina, the first of the optic neuropiles underlying the
insect's compound eye, have been little studied in Drosophila melanogaster until now …

Adaptation, a change in response to a sustained stimulus, is a widespread property of
sensory systems, occurring at many stages, from the most peripheral energy-gathering …

Drosophila vision is mediated by inputs from three types of photoreceptor neurons; R1–R6
mediate achromatic motion detection, while R7 and R8 constitute two chromatic channels …

The G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) 1 constitute a large and ancient superfamily of
integral cell membrane proteins that play a central role in signal transduction and are …