This is a brief overview of physiological reactions, limitations, and pathophysiological
mechanisms associated with human breath-hold diving. Breath-hold duration and ability to …

The purpose of this review is to outline the physiological responses associated with the
diving response, its functional significance, and its cardiorespiratory control. This review is …

Understanding the physiology and genetics of human hypoxia tolerance has important
medical implications, but this phenomenon has thus far only been investigated in high …

The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is defined as the sudden onset of parasympathetic
dysrhythmia, sympathetic hypotension, apnea, or gastric hypermotility during stimulation of …

In this paper, the respiratory, circulatory and metabolic adjustments to human extreme
breath-hold diving are reviewed. A survey of the literature reveals that in extreme divers …

The effect of the diving response on alveolar gas exchange was investigated in 15 subjects.
During steady-state exercise (80 W) on a cycle ergometer, the subjects performed 40-s …

Breath-hold diving is an activity that humans have engaged in since antiquity to forage for
resources, provide sustenance and to support military campaigns. In modern times, breath …

This study addressed the effects of apnea in air and apnea with face immersion in cold water
(10° C) on the diving response and arterial oxygen saturation during dynamic exercise …

New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review provides an up‐to‐date
assessment of the physiology involved with extreme static dry‐land breath holding in trained …

The ventilatory responses to immersion and changes in temperature are reviewed. A fall in
skin temperature elicits a powerful cardiorespiratory response, termed “cold shock,” …