Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics
that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that triggers the
expression of inflammatory molecules, including other cytokines and cell adhesion …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF; TNFα) is a critical regulator of immune responses in
healthy organisms and in disease. TNF is involved in the development and proper …

Periodontal disease represents a group of oral inflammatory infections initiated by oral
pathogens which exist as a complex biofilms on the tooth surface and cause destruction to …

While for a century therapeutics has been dominated by small molecules, ie organic
chemicals of~ 400Da absorbable via the gut, this is no longer the case. There are now a …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint destruction.
Cytokines play a key role in its pathogenesis. They contribute to the induction and …

BACKGROUND The mammalian immune system is a remarkable sensory system for the
detection and neutralization of pathogens. History is replete with the devastating effects of …

Macrophages are central to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They constitute
the main source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF and IL-1β, they …

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a major inflammatory cytokine that was first identified for its
ability to induce rapid haemorrhagic necrosis of experimental cancers. When efforts to …

The human immune system involves highly complex and coordinated processes in which
small proteins named cytokines play a key role. Cytokines have been implicated in the …