Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition that occurs due to various reasons, is an
important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has been defined as a rate of …

The “Barker hypothesis” postulates that a number of organ structures and associated
functions undergo programming during embryonic and fetal life, which determines the set …

Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that
environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major and silent cause of various morbidity and
mortality for the fetal and neonatal population. It is defined as a rate of fetal growth that is …

1. Many human fetuses have to adapt to a limited supply of nutrients. In doing so they
permanently change their structure and metabolism. 2. These'programmed'changes may be …

Plasticity in developmental programming has evolved in order to provide the best chances of
survival and reproductive success to the organism under changing environments …

Stress activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which then modulates the
degree of adaptation and response to a later stressor. It is known that early-life stress can …

ABSTRACT A common, long‐held belief is that metabolic rate drives the rates of various
biological, ecological and evolutionary processes. Although this metabolic pacemaker view …

Many human fetuses have to adapt to a limited supply of nutrients. In doing so they
permanently change their structure and metabolism. These programmed changes may be …

To examine the relationship between growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1
(IGF1) in controlling postnatal growth, we performed a comparative analysis of dwarfing …