Regolith penetration for placing instruments into ground and regolith-sampling for re-entry or
in-situ analysis play an extremely critical role in searching for alien life and revealing the …

This review focuses on the progress made and recent developments regarding the use of
portable Raman spectrometric devices in the geosciences as well as with scientific testing of …

Abstract The Ma_MISS (Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies) experiment is the
visible and near infrared (VNIR) miniaturized spectrometer hosted by the drill system of the …

The 2020s could be called, with little doubt, the “Mars decade”. No other period in space
exploration history has experienced such interest in placing orbiters, rovers and landers on …

Abstract The Close-Up Imager (CLUPI) onboard the ESA ExoMars Rover is a powerful high-
resolution color camera specifically designed for close-up observations. Its accommodation …

Off-Earth drilling may be assumed as the second phase of space exploration to discover the
unrevealed subsurface on the planetary bodies. It accelerates future space objectives such …

The Mars 2020 mission will analyze samples in situ and identify any that could have
preserved biosignatures in ancient habitable environments for later return to Earth. Highest …

The practical limitations inherent to human and robotic planetary exploration necessitate the
development of specific protocols and methods. This non-standard approach requires …

Asteroid exploration has a significant importance in promoting our understanding of the
solar system and the origin of life on Earth. A unique opportunity to study near-Earth asteroid …

In the present work, near-infrared, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Raman, and X-
ray diffractometer techniques have been complementarily used to carry out a …