The early diagnosis and appropriate stratification of sepsis continues to be one of the most
important challenges in modern medicine. Single isolated biomarkers have not been …

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), the most popular cause of coma in the intensive
care unit (ICU), is the diffuse cerebral damage caused by the septic challenge. SAE is …

Purpose During sepsis, an excessive inflammatory immune reaction contributes to multi-
organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), a critical condition associated with high morbidity and …

Intra-abdominal infection is a common cause of sepsis, and intra-abdominal sepsis leads
to∼ 156 000 US deaths annually. African American/Black adults have higher incidence and …

The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated in response to inflammation
leading to increased production of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex …

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease
featured by pathological synovial inflammation. Currently, the underlying pathophysiological …

Synthetic glucocorticoids are widely prescribed for the treatment of numerous inflammatory
and autoimmune diseases and they can also affect the way the adrenal gland produces …

During sepsis, defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host
response to infection, systemic inflammation activates endothelial cells and initiates a …

Immunometabolic changes have been shown to be a key factor in determining the immune
cell response in disease models. The immunometabolite, itaconate, is produced by …

Purpose Endogenously produced glucocorticoids exhibit immunomodulating properties and
are of pivotal importance for sepsis outcome. Uncontrolled activation of the immune-adrenal …