Mechanisms of Arctic amplification and Arctic climate change are difficult to pinpoint, and
current climate models do not represent the complex local processes and feedbacks at play …

Drylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most
sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. This review describes recent …

Executive summary Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing
and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Even though desert dust is the most abundant aerosol by mass in Earth's atmosphere, the
relative contributions of the world's major source regions to the global dust cycle remain …

The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) version 4.10 (V4) level 2
aerosol data products, released in November 2016, include substantial improvements to the …

Mineral dust aerosols impact the energy budget of Earth through interactions with radiation,
clouds, atmospheric chemistry, the cryosphere and biogeochemistry. In this Review, we …

Dust storms originate in many of the world's drylands and frequently present hazards to
human society, both within the drylands themselves but also outside drylands due to long …

Airborne mineral dust particles can act as natural seeds for cirrus clouds in the upper
troposphere. However, the atmospheric abundance of dust is unconstrained in cirrus …

Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) play an important role in the climate system,
facilitating the formation of ice within clouds, consequently PBAP may be important in …