1 ESGE recommends that patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease
(ACLD; due to viruses, alcohol, and/or nonobese [BMI< 30 kg/m 2] nonalcoholic …

Objective The endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) is a minimally invasive approach
that could be particularly appropriate for management of spheno-orbital meningiomas. The …

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is an important cause of drug-resistant epilepsy
(DRE) in adults and children. Traditionally, the surgical option of choice for mTLE includes a …

THE endoscopic transorbital route to the skull base is increasing in popularity, and a variety
of different publications have recently emerged in the literature outlining the application of …

Background The endoscopic transorbital approach to the skull base is currently growing in
popularity, and it is nowadays progressively used as a skull base approach. Clinical …

Objective Superior eyelid endoscopic transorbital approach (SETOA) is nowadays gaining
progressive application in neurosurgical scenarios. Both anatomic and clinical reports have …

Background Anterior clinoidectomy is an important procedure for approaching the central
skull base lesions. However, anterior clinoidectomy through the endoscopic transorbital …

Simple Summary The popularity that transorbital approaches (TOAs) gained in recent years
has allowed their diffusion into skull base surgery. However, for their correct application, it is …

Transorbital approaches are genuinely versatile surgical routes which show interesting
potentials in skull base surgery. Given their “new” trajectory, they can be a very useful …

Background In the last decades, skull base surgery had passed through an impressive
evolution. The role of neuroanatomic research has been uppermost, and it has played a …