Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A‐derived morphogen important for axial patterning and
organ formation in developing vertebrates and invertebrate chordates (tunicates and …

This chapter presents an analysis and a summarized synthesis of our present knowledge of
the biology of the thyroid gland, phylogeny, ontogeny, anatomy, structure, general …

Nuclear receptors (NRs) fulfill key roles in the coordination of postembryonal developmental
transitions in animal species. They control the metamorphosis and sexual maturation in …

The rise of obesity in humans is a major health concern of our times, affecting an increasing
proportion of the population worldwide. It is now evident that this phenomenon is not only …

In vertebrates, retinoic acid (RA) is an important morphogenetic signal that controls
embryonic development, as well as organ homeostasis in adults. RA action depends on the …

Transitions between different states of development, physiology, and life history are typically
mediated by hormones. In insects, metamorphosis and reproductive maturation are …

Regulatory hazard and risk assessment of endocrine-active substances currently specifies
four modes of action: interference with sex hormone (oestrogen, androgen) pathways …

Sentinel fish hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) captured near wastewater outfalls
are used for monitoring exposure to industrial and agricultural chemicals of~ 20 million …

Because thyroid hormones (THs) are conserved modulators of development and physiology,
identification of compounds adversely affecting TH signaling is critical to human and wildlife …

Signalling molecules and their cognate receptors are central components of the Metazoa
endocrine system. Defining their presence or absence in extant animal lineages is critical to …