Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin
resistance in which oxidative stress is thought to be a primary cause. Considering that …

In diabetes mellitus, the polyol pathway is highly active and consumes approximately 30%
glucose in the body. This pathway contains 2 reactions catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR) …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that can oxidize proteins,
lipids, and DNA. Under physiological conditions, ROS are mainly generated in the …

The kidneys are a vital organ that is vulnerable to both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic
kidney disease (CKD) which can be caused by numerous risk factors such as ischemia …

Turmeric or Curcuma longa is a natural product, whose medicinal properties have been
extensively studied and a wide variety of therapeutic effects on several diseases such as …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. While there has
been a great advance in our understanding of the pathogenesis of DN, no effective …

Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells play a critical role in blood glucose homeostasis and the
development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the context of insulin resistance. Based on data …

Metabolic diseases are characterized by high NADH/NAD+ ratios due to excessive electron
supply, causing defective mitochondrial function and impaired sirtuin-3 (SIRT-3) activity, the …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. If
left untreated, DKD can advance to end stage renal disease that requires either dialysis or …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex and heterogeneous disease which affects millions of
people worldwide. The classification of diabetes is at an interesting turning point and there …