For hundreds of years, mankind has been influencing its sleep and waking state through the
adenosinergic system. For~ 100 years now, systematic research has been performed, first …

This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

Despite the ubiquity of sleep across phylogeny, its function remains elusive. In this review,
we consider one compelling candidate: brain plasticity associated with memory processing …

Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world. Almost all
caffeine comes from dietary sources (beverages and food), most of it from coffee and tea …

Four adenosine receptors have been cloned and characterized from several mammalian
species. The receptors are named adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. The A2A and A2B …

Histamine is a transmitter in the nervous system and a signaling molecule in the gut, the
skin, and the immune system. Histaminergic neurons in mammalian brain are located …

Despite the ongoing fundamental controversy about the physiological function of sleep,
there is general consensus that sleep benefits neuronal plasticity, which ultimately supports …

▪ Abstract Adenosine is a modulator that has a pervasive and generally inhibitory effect on
neuronal activity. Tonic activation of adenosine receptors by adenosine that is normally …

Both subjective and electroencephalographic arousal diminish as a function of the duration
of prior wakefulness. Data reported here suggest that the major criteria for a neural sleep …

The effect caffeine elicits on endurance performance is well founded. However,
comparatively less research has been conducted on the ergogenic potential of anaerobic …