The construction sector has proven to be one of the slowest sectors to embrace technology—
a problem that must be addressed. This problem can be quickly and efficiently addressed in …

Recognition of spalling on surface of concrete wall is crucial in building condition survey.
Early detection of this form of defect can help to develop cost‐effective rehabilitation …

Clustering is a challenging problem that is commonly used for many applications. It aims at
finding the similarity between data points and grouping similar ones into the same cluster. In …

Despite all technological advances, mapping cracks on concrete structures mostly remains
to be evaluated through sketches based on on‐site observation and photographs. Methods …

Bridge crack is one of the critical optical and visual information to judge the health state of
bridges. The bridge crack detection methods based on artificial intelligence are essential in …

Built cultural heritage is exposed to various deterioration problems caused by different types
of actions. To reduce the need for major interventions, preventive conservation (PC) …

Selecting the proper distance measure is very challenging for most clustering algorithms.
Some common distance measures include Manhattan (City-block), Euclidean, Minkowski …

Structural defects in civil infrastructure, such as highways, roads, bridges, and dams, can
severely impact their reliability and safety. Manual inspection of such infrastructure is labor …

Efflorescence is a phenomenon primarily caused by a carbonation process in concrete
structures. Efflorescence can cause concrete degradation in the long term; therefore, it must …

Preventive conservation is the proposed and recommended approach to preserve historic
building heritage from deterioration problems caused by several types of actions. It is based …