Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in mediating both physiological
and pathophysiological signal transduction. Enzymes and subcellular compartments that …

Neurodegenerative diseases represent some of the most devastating neurological
disorders, characterized by progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons. Current …

The initial discovery that ob/ob mice become obese because of a recessive mutation of the
leptin gene has been crucial to discover the melanocortin pathway to control appetite. In the …

Phagocytosis is required for the optimal efficacy of many approved and promising
therapeutic antibodies for various malignancies. However, the factors that determine the …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease characterized by rapid decline of renal
function. Besides its acute consequence of high mortality, AKI has recently been recognized …

Significance: Mitochondria are the energetic, metabolic, redox, and information signaling
centers of the cell. Substrate pressure, mitochondrial network dynamics, and cristae …

Oxidative stress is a major component of most major retinal diseases. Many extrinsic anti-
oxidative strategies have been insufficient at counteracting one of the predominant intrinsic …

Appropriate cristae remodeling is a determinant of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics
and thus represents a crucial process for cellular metabolic adaptations. Here, we show that …

Microglia play a crucial role in immune responses, including inflammation. Diet-induced
obesity (DIO) triggers microglia activation and hypothalamic inflammation as early as 3 days …

Accumulating evidence has indicated that inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and
autophagy in retinal Müller cells are involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Notoginsenoside …