The study of the gut microbiome has increasingly revealed an important role in modulating
brain function and mental health. In this review, we underscore specific pathways and …

Major life stressors, especially those involving interpersonal stress and social rejection, are
among the strongest proximal risk factors for depression. In this review, we propose a …

Importance Several studies have reported antidepressant effects of anti-inflammatory
treatment; however, the results have been conflicting and detrimental adverse effects may …

Accumulating evidence supports an association between depression and inflammatory
processes, a connection that seems to be bidirectional. Clinical trials have indicated …

This review summarises the evidence that chronic low grade inflammation triggers changes
that contribute to the mental and physical ill health of patients with major depression …

It has been established that 4.4 to 20% of the general population suffers from a major
depressive disorder (MDD), which is frequently associated with a dysregulation of normal …

Mounting evidence indicates that inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of
depression in both medically ill and medically healthy individuals. Cytokines are important …

We assessed the gut microbiota of 90 American young adults, comparing 43 participants
with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 47 healthy controls, and found that the MDD …

Depression—be it a formal diagnosis based on consensus clinical criteria, or a collection of
symptoms revealed by a self-report rating scale—is common in patients with multiple …

Mood disorders have been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the
leading cause of disability worldwide. Notwithstanding the established efficacy of …