Clinical and laboratory studies over recent decades have established branched evolution as
a feature of cancer. However, while grounded in somatic selection, several lines of evidence …

To a large extent, cancer conforms to evolutionary rules defined by the rates at which clones
mutate, adapt and grow. Next-generation sequencing has provided a snapshot of the …

Histopathological grading of epithelial dysplasia remains the principal laboratory method for
assessing the risk of malignant transformation in oral potentially malignant disorders …

Intratumor heterogeneity, which fosters tumor evolution, is a key challenge in cancer
medicine. Here, we review data and technologies that have revealed intra-tumor …

Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide
and is therefore a major global health challenge. The two major subtypes of oesophageal …

Radiomics is an emerging field in quantitative imaging that uses advanced imaging features
to objectively and quantitatively describe tumour phenotypes. Radiomic features have …

An increasingly recognized resistance mechanism to androgen receptor (AR)-directed
therapy in prostate cancer involves epithelial plasticity, in which tumor cells demonstrate low …

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is among the most common conditions encountered by the
gastroenterologist. In this document, the American College of Gastroenterology updates its …

Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have emerged as an important platform to elucidate new
treatments and biomarkers in oncology. PDX models are used to address clinically relevant …

Tumorigenesis begins long before the growth of a clinically detectable lesion and, indeed,
even before any of the usual morphological correlates of pre-malignancy are recognizable …