Opioids are mainly used to treat both acute and chronic pain. Several opioids are
metabolized to some extent by CYP2D6 (codeine, tramadol, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and …

Many studies have shown that the efficacy and risk of side effects of drug treatment is
influenced by genetic variants. Evidence based guidelines are essential for implementing …

Abstract The Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) programme seeks to elucidate
the genetic architecture and biology of heart, lung, blood and sleep disorders, with the …

Translating CYP 2D6 genotype to metabolizer phenotype is not standardized across clinical
laboratories offering pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing and PGx clinical practice guidelines …

After decades of discovery, inherited variations have been identified in approximately 20
genes that affect about 80 medications and are actionable in the clinic. And some …

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are primary treatment options for major
depressive and anxiety disorders. CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms can influence the …

Purpose: Owing to its highly polymorphic nature and major contribution to the metabolism
and bioactivation of numerous clinically used drugs, CYP2D6 is one of the most extensively …

The Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) provides nomenclature for the highly
polymorphic human CYP2D6 gene locus. CYP2D6 genetic variation impacts the metabolism …

Tamoxifen is biotransformed by CYP2D6 to 4‐hydroxytamoxifen and 4‐hydroxy N‐
desmethyl tamoxifen (endoxifen), both with greater antiestrogenic potency than the parent …

Surgical procedures are key drivers of pain development and opioid utilization globally.
Various organizations have generated guidance on postoperative pain management …