Neuropeptides are by far the largest and most diverse group of signaling molecules in
multicellular organisms. They are ancient molecules important in regulating a multitude of …

Highlights•The connectome of the mushroom body memory network revealed unexpected
complexity.•The mushroom body integrates input, valence, and output within and across …

In adulthood, sleep-wake rhythms are one of the most prominent behaviors under circadian
control. However, during early life, sleep is spread across the 24-hour day. The mechanism …

Memory formation is a highly complex and dynamic process. It consists of different phases,
which depend on various neuronal and molecular mechanisms. In adult Drosophila it was …

Drosophila larvae combine a numerically simple brain, a correspondingly moderate
behavioral complexity, and the availability of a rich toolbox for transgenic manipulation. This …

Associative learning allows animals to use past experience to predict future events. The
circuits underlying memory formation support immediate and sustained changes in function …

The Drosophila larva is an attractive model system to study fundamental questions in the
field of neuroscience. Like the adult fly, the larva offers a seemingly unlimited genetic …

Phenylacetaldehyde (PAH), an aromatic odorant, exists in varied fruits including overripe
bananas and prickly pear cactus, the 2 major host fruits of Drosophila melanogaster. It acts …

We investigate olfactory associative learning in larval Drosophila. A reciprocal training
design is used, such that one group of animals receives a reward in the presence of odor X …

Drosophila larvae are focused on feeding and have few neurons. Within these bounds,
however, there still are behavioural degrees of freedom. This review is devoted to what …