The growing field of immunometabolism has taught us how metabolic cellular reactions and
processes not only provide a means to generate ATP and biosynthetic precursors, but are …

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious challenges to health in the modern world.
Pollutants alter immune responses and can provoke immunotoxicity. In this Review, we …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) where immunopathology is thought to be mediated by myelin-reactive CD4+ T …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder. Currently, there is a lack of
effective treatment for the progressive form of MS, partly due to insensitive readout for …

There is growing recognition that B cell contributions to normal immune responses extend
well beyond their potential to become antibody-producing cells, including roles at the innate …

The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed over the last 20 years. All
immunotherapeutic drugs target relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and it still remains a …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the
progressive loss of axonal myelin in several areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that …

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective treatment option for relapsing–remitting multiple
sclerosis (MS), but its therapeutic mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. A …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) with a variety of clinical presentations. The profound heterogeneity of MS is …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological immune-mediated disease leading
to disability in young adults. The outcome of the disease is unpredictable, and over time …