Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are solid-state detectors that offer imaging
capabilities at the level of individual photons, with unparalleled photon counting and time …

BACKGROUND Biomolecular mechanisms are typically inferred from static structural
“snapshots” obtained by x-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) …

Single-molecule FRET (smFRET) has become a mainstream technique for studying
biomolecular structural dynamics. The rapid and wide adoption of smFRET experiments by …

Integrated photodetectors are essential components of scalable photonics platforms for
quantum and classical applications. However, most efforts in the development of such …

Single-photon detection is an invaluable tool for many applications ranging from basic
research to consumer electronics. In this respect, the Single Photon Avalanche Diode …

Conformational changes of proteins and other biomolecules play a fundamental role in their
functional mechanism. Single pair Förster resonance energy transfer (spFRET) offers the …

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a powerful technique for
nanometer-scale studies of single molecules. Solution-based smFRET, in particular, can be …

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy (SMFS), based on the detection of individual
molecules freely diffusing through the excitation spot of a confocal microscope, has allowed …

Single-molecule fluorescence has been highly instrumental in elucidating interactions and
dynamics of biological molecules in the past two decades. Single-molecule fluorescence …

Rapid, high throughput measurements of biomolecular interactions are essential across
medicine and bioscience. Traditional methods for affinity-screening proteins require a long …