[HTML][HTML] Atheists and agnostics are more reflective than religious believers: Four empirical studies and a meta-analysis

G Pennycook, RM Ross, DJ Koehler, JA Fugelsang - PloS one, 2016 - journals.plos.org
Individual differences in the mere willingness to think analytically has been shown to predict
religious disbelief. Recently, however, it has been argued that analytic thinkers are not …

A framework for understanding reasoning errors: From fake news to climate change and beyond

G Pennycook - Advances in experimental social psychology, 2023 - Elsevier
Humans have the capacity, but perhaps not always the willingness, for great intelligence.
From global warming to the spread of misinformation and beyond, our species is facing …

Lazy, not biased: Susceptibility to partisan fake news is better explained by lack of reasoning than by motivated reasoning

G Pennycook, DG Rand - Cognition, 2019 - Elsevier
Why do people believe blatantly inaccurate news headlines (“fake news”)? Do we use our
reasoning abilities to convince ourselves that statements that align with our ideology are …

The development of cognitive reflection

A Shtulman, AG Young - Child Development Perspectives, 2023 - Wiley Online Library
What do cows drink? The correct answer is water, but many are tempted to say milk. The
disposition to override an intuitive response (milk) with a more analytic response (water) is …

Who falls for fake news? The roles of bullshit receptivity, overclaiming, familiarity, and analytic thinking

G Pennycook, DG Rand - Journal of personality, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
Objective Fake news represents a particularly egregious and direct avenue by which
inaccurate beliefs have been propagated via social media. We investigate the psychological …

Beliefs about COVID-19 in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States: A novel test of political polarization and motivated reasoning

G Pennycook, J McPhetres, B Bago… - Personality and …, 2022 - journals.sagepub.com
What are the psychological consequences of the increasingly politicized nature of the
COVID-19 pandemic in the United States relative to similar Western countries? In a two …

[图书][B] The rationality quotient: Toward a test of rational thinking

KE Stanovich, RF West, ME Toplak - 2016 - books.google.com
How to assess critical aspects of cognitive functioning that are not measured by IQ tests:
rational thinking skills. Why are we surprised when smart people act foolishly? Smart people …

Everyday consequences of analytic thinking

G Pennycook, JA Fugelsang… - Current directions in …, 2015 - journals.sagepub.com
We review recent evidence revealing that the mere willingness to engage analytic reasoning
as a means to override intuitive gut feelings is a meaningful predictor of key psychological …

On the belief that beliefs should change according to evidence: Implications for conspiratorial, moral, paranormal, political, religious, and science beliefs

G Pennycook, JA Cheyne, DJ Koehler… - … and Decision making, 2020 - cambridge.org
Does one's stance toward evidence evaluation and belief revision have relevance for actual
beliefs? We investigate the role of endorsing an actively open-minded thinking style about …

Awe as a scientific emotion

S Gottlieb, D Keltner, T Lombrozo - Cognitive Science, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
Awe has traditionally been considered a religious or spiritual emotion, yet scientists often
report that awe motivates them to answer questions about the natural world, and to do so in …