Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding protein present in inhibitory interneurons that play an
essential role in regulating many physiological processes, such as intracellular signaling …

Antiepileptic drugs have been successfully treating epilepsy and providing individuals
sustained seizure freedom. However, about 30% of the patients with epilepsy present drug …

Background Due to the complexity of the mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis, the
available antiseizure drugs (ASDs) do not meet clinical needs; hence, both the discovery of …

The South American social spider Parawixia bistriata produces a venom containing complex
organic compounds with intriguing biological activities. The crude venom leads to paralysis …

The East Asian scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK) is one of the classical traditional
Chinese medicines for treating epilepsy for over a thousand years. Neurotoxins purified from …

Epilepsy affects millions of people worldwide, and there is an urgent need to develop safe
and effective therapeutic agents. Animal venoms contain diverse bioactive compounds like …

Epilepsy is considered as one of the major disabling neuropathologies. Almost one third of
adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) do not respond to current antiepileptic drugs …

Background: Studies on toad poison are relevant since they are considered a good source
of toxins that act on different biological systems. Among the molecules found in the toad …

Abstract Background: L-Glutamate (L-Glu), the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian Central Nervous System (CNS), is essential to cognitive functions. However …