The Handbook of Natural Language Processing, Second Edition presents practical tools
and techniques for implementing natural language processing in computer systems. Along …

Mixed-initiative problem solving lies at the heart of knowledge-based learning environments.
While learners are actively engaged in problem-solving activities, learning environments …

Narrative generation has historically suffered from poor writing quality, stemming from a
narrow focus on story grammars and plot design. Moreover, to-date natural language …

Lifelike animated agents for knowledge-based learning environments can provide timely,
customized advice to support students' problem solving. Because of their strong visual …

One-on-One Tutoring by Humans and Computers articulates the CIRCSIM-Tutor project, an
attempt to develop a computer tutor that generates a natural language dialogue with a …

Conflict situations do not only arise from misunderstandings, erroneous perceptions, partial
knowledge, false beliefs, etc., but also from differences in “opinions” and in the different …

CIRCSlM-Tutor version 2, a dialogne-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS), is nearly five
years old. It conducts a conversation with a student to help the student learn to solve a class …

Oral discourse is the primary form of human–human communication, hence, computer
interfaces that communicate via unstructured spoken dialogues will presumably provide a …

We consider two questions related to student modeling in an intelligent tutoring system: 1)
what kind of student model should we build when we design a new system; and 2) should …

Research on intelligent tutoring systems has not leveraged general models of collaborative
discourse, even though tutoring is inherently collaborative. Similarly, research on …