Bisphosphonates (BPs) are highly effective in treating osteoporosis and reducing hip,
vertebral, and other fractures by as much as 50% to 70%. However, since 2006, atypical …

Water constitutes roughly a quarter of the cortical bone by volume yet can greatly influence
mechanical properties and tissue quality. There is a growing appreciation for how water can …

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary bone disease in which gene mutations affect
collagen formation, leading to a weak, brittle bone phenotype that can cause severe skeletal …

Bone is continuously remodeled in terrestrial vertebrates and aquatic mammals throughout
life. Osteoclasts resorb mineralized bone matrix in a manner that mobilizes skeletal calcium …

Complications in bone regeneration in patients with systemic impaired bone metabolism
(eg, osteoporosis) represent a rapidly increasing clinical challenge. Alendronate and …

To evaluate the efficacy of combined medication of risedronate sodium and raloxifene, a
selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) on the postmenopausal osteoporosis …

Raloxifene (RAL) reduces clinical fracture risk despite modest effects on bone
mass/density1. This may be due to increased hydration, which we have shown improves …

Skeletal fragility can be caused by a wide array of diseases and disorders, but the most
difficult etiologies to clinically circumvent are those in which the body loses not just bone …

Bone is a composite biomaterial of mineral crystals, organic matrix, and water. Each
contributes to bone quality and strength and may change independently, or together, with …

Fracture resistance of bone depends on the hierarchical organization of its constituents,
primarily the organic matrix, mineral, and water, and as such, requires characterization at …