Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is known as a self-leveling and self-compacting
cementitious backfill material used for backfilling. The aim of this paper is to give an …

In the present study, industrial by-products, spent foundry sand (SFS) and cement kiln dust
(CKD) were used for developing controlled low strength materials (CLSM) and their various …

Potable water is a precious and scarce commodity in developing and developed countries.
Due to increase in population and rapid industrialization, huge volume of limited potable …

According to the global agencies of world health organization, world metrological
organization and UNICEF, the utilization of fresh water goes on enlarging from twenty …

Conservation and preservation of freshwater is increasingly becoming important as the
global population grows. Presently, enormous volumes of freshwater are used to mix …

A controlled low strength material (CLSM) is a self-compacted, cementitious material used
primarily as a backfill. It is also known as a flowable fill which is usually a mixture of fine …

This paper presents the feasibility of wastewater from small scale water treatment plants
located in residential buildings as mixing water in Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) …

This paper presents the development of controlled low strength materials (CLSM)
incorporating cement kiln dust (CKD) from four different sources or manufacturers. A …

A zero-waste process to treat recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) was carried out through
immersing them in acetic acid solutions with concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mol/L. The …

Controlled low strength material (CLSM) is a flowable mixture that can be used as a backfill
material in place of compacted soils. Flowable fill requires no tamping or compaction to …