Hedgehog proteins constitute one of a small number of families of secreted signals that have
a central role in the development of metazoans. Genetic analyses in flies, fish and mice have …

Chemotaxis, the directed migration of cells in chemical gradients, is a vital process in normal
physiology and in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Chemotactic cells display motility …

Chemotaxis, or directed migration of cells along a chemical gradient, is a highly coordinated
process that involves gradient sensing, motility, and polarity. Most of our understanding of …

Armadillo (ARM)-repeat proteins form a large family with diverse and fundamental functions
in many eukaryotes. ARM-repeat proteins have largely been characterised in multicellular …

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is required for embryonic patterning and postnatal physiology in
invertebrates and vertebrates. With the revelation that the primary cilium is crucial for …

Eukaryotic cells extend pseudopodia for movement. In the absence of external cues, cells
move in random directions, but with a strong element of persistence that keeps them moving …

Autophagy is a degradative pathway for cytoplasmic constituents, and is conserved across
eukaryotes. Autophagy-related (ATG) genes have undergone extensive multiplications and …

Chemotaxis involves the coordinated action of separable but interrelated processes: motility,
gradient sensing, and polarization. We have hypothesized that these are mediated by …

Cells recognize external chemical gradients and translate these environmental cues into
amplified intracellular signaling that results in elongated cell shape, actin polymerization …

Ciliates assemble numerous microtubular structures into complex cortical patterns. During
ciliate division, the pattern is duplicated by intracellular segmentation that produces a …