Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Membrane lipids interact with proteins in a variety of ways, ranging from providing a stable
membrane environment for proteins to being embedded in to detailed roles in complicated …

Members of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transport proteins are essential for the
movement of a wide range of substrates across biomembranes. As this transport requires a …

Soluble sugars serve five main purposes in multicellular organisms: as sources of carbon
skeletons, osmolytes, signals, and transient energy storage and as transport molecules …

Docosahexaenoic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for neurological
development and function, and it is supplied to the brain and eyes predominantly from …

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is the largest known superfamily of secondary
carriers found in the biosphere. It is ubiquitously distributed throughout virtually all currently …

Hierarchical organization of integral membrane proteins (IMP) and lipids at the membrane is
essential for regulating myriad downstream signaling. A quantitative understanding of these …

Monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, and the ketone bodies play major roles in
metabolism and must be transported across both the plasma membrane and mitochondrial …

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is one of the largest groups of secondary active
transporters conserved from bacteria to humans. MFS proteins selectively transport a wide …

Vitamins are crucial components in the diet of animals and many other living organisms.
One of these essential nutrients, thiamin, is known to be involved in several cell functions …