Agriculture provides humanity with food, fibers, fuel, and raw materials that are paramount
for human livelihood. Today, this role must be satisfied within a context of environmental …

Abstract The term “Agri-Food 4.0” is an analogy to the term" Industry 4.0", coming from the
concept “agriculture 4.0”. Since the origins of the industrial revolution, where the steam …

This review reports the recent state of the art in the field of mobile robots applied to precision
agriculture. After a brief introduction to precision agriculture, the review focuses on two main …

The development of reliable methods for the estimation of crown architecture parameters is
a key issue for the quantitative evaluation of tree crop adaptation to environment conditions …

Efficiency increase of resources through automation of agriculture requires more information
about the production process, as well as process and machinery status. Sensors are …

Pesticides are essential for removing plant pests and sustaining good yields on agricultural
land. Excessive use has detrimental repercussions, such as the depletion of soil fertility and …

The geometric features of agricultural trees such as canopy area, tree height and crown
volume provide useful information about plantation status and crop production. However …

Fruit size at harvest is an economically important variable for high-quality table fruit
production in orchards and vineyards. In addition, knowing the number and size of the fruit …

Crop sensing technologies to aid nitrogen management in grain crops have been the focus
of an important element of Precision/Digital Agriculture research. We review sensor-based …

Plant phenomics, the link between plant genomics and environment, recently is explosively
highlighted. As its basis, a large variety of phenotyping approaches have been developed …