The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cellular
metabolism, catabolism, immune responses, autophagy, survival, proliferation, and …

Ever present hurdles for the discovery of new drugs for cancer therapy have necessitated
the development of the alternative strategy of drug repurposing, the development of old …

The mTOR pathway integrates a diverse set of environmental cues, such as growth factor
signals and nutritional status, to direct eukaryotic cell growth. Over the past two and a half …

Biological aging involves an interplay of conserved and targetable molecular mechanisms,
summarized as the hallmarks of aging. Metformin, a biguanide that combats age-related …

The numerous beneficial health outcomes associated with the use of metformin to treat
patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), together with data from pre-clinical studies in animals …

The AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and TOR (target-of-rapamycin) pathways are
interlinked, opposing signaling pathways involved in sensing availability of nutrients and …

Metformin is a widely used biguanide drug due to its safety and low cost. It has been used
for over 60 years to treat type 2 diabetes at the early stages because of its outstanding ability …

Mammalian AMPK is known to be activated by falling cellular energy status, signaled by
rising AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP ratios. We review recent information about how this occurs …

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) coordinates eukaryotic cell growth and
metabolism with environmental inputs, including nutrients and growth factors. Extensive …

Mitochondrial respiration is critical for cell proliferation. In addition to producing ATP,
respiration generates biosynthetic precursors, such as aspartate, an essential substrate for …