Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic systemic
inflammation causing progressive joint damage that can lead to lifelong disability. The …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important for the induction and maintenance of peripheral
tolerance therefore, they are key in preventing excessive immune responses and …

The success of immunotherapy in oncology underscores the vital role of the immune system
in cancer development. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain a fine balance between …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a small yet critical subset of CD4+ T cells, which have the role
of maintaining immune homeostasis by, for example, regulating self-tolerance, tumor …

TNF (tumor necrosis factor) is both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine that is
central to the development of autoimmune disease, cancer, and protection against infectious …

Although initially described as an anti-tumor mediator, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is
generally considered as the master pro-inflammatory cytokine. It plays a crucial role in the …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central regulator of immunity. Due to its dominant pro-
inflammatory effects, drugs that neutralize TNF were developed and are clinically used to …

Chemokines and chemokine receptors orchestrate cell migration and homing in the body.
Humans have at least 44 chemokines that are further classified into four subfamilies based …

Treatments that block tumour necrosis factor (TNF) have major beneficial effects in several
autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, some …

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that has deleterious
effect in some autoimmune diseases, which led to the use of anti-TNF drugs in some of …