The brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are a group of multicellular heterokonts that are
ubiquitous in today's oceans. Large brown algae from multiple orders are the foundation to …

Although sex is a fundamental component of eukaryotic reproduction, the genetic systems
that control sex determination are highly variable. In many organisms the presence of sex …

Current theory proposes that degenerated sex chromosomes—such as the mammalian Y—
evolve through three steps:(i) recombination arrest, linking male-beneficial alleles to the Y …

Nonrecombining sex chromosomes, like the mammalian Y, often lose genes and
accumulate transposable elements, a process termed degeneration. The correlation …

Sex chromosomes can evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of
chromosomes. Owing to detailed studies using key model systems, we have a nuanced …

Diatoms are the world's most diverse group of algae, comprising at least 100,000 species.
Contributing~ 20% of annual global carbon fixation, they underpin major aquatic food webs …

Brown algae are an important group of multicellular eukaryotes, phylogenetically distinct
from both the animal and land plant lineages. Ectocarpus has emerged as a model …

It is commonly assumed that sex chromosomes evolve recombination suppression because
selection favours linkage between sex-determining and sexually antagonistic genes …

The Closterium peracerosum–strigosum–littorale complex (Closterium, Zygnematophyceae)
has an isogamous mating system. Members of the Zygnematophyceae are the closest …

Genomic regions determining sexual compatibility often display recombination suppression,
as occurs in sex chromosomes, plant self‐incompatibility loci and fungal mating‐type loci …