Conventional diagnoses of the 2007/8 Global Financial Crisis see it as “abnormal”, and then
resort to explanations in terms of “irrational exuberance”,“animal spirits”,“herding behaviour” …

Static or deterministic actuarial models work with a single set of assumptions for all of the
variables in the model. Most commonly, those assumptions might be selected to be the most …

The problem context of this work is what has been called the “Insurance Cycle”. In this cycle
we recognise four qualitatively different risk environments, or seasons of risk. We address …

All organizations are subject to uncertainty and risk, the nature and extent of which ultimately
affect their performance and may even threaten their survival. The frequency and severity of …