For the prevention of infectious diseases, knowledge about transmission routes is essential.
In addition to respiratory, fecal–oral, and sexual transmission, the transfer of pathogens via …

Microplastics have been proven to be one of the critical environmental pollution issues.
Moreover, microfibers, the most prominent form of microplastics in the environment, have …

SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is perceived to be primarily
transmitted via person-to-person contact through droplets produced while talking, coughing …

Abstract Purpose of Review Fomites are inanimate objects that become colonized with
microbes and serve as potential intermediaries for transmission to/from humans. This review …

Genetically diverse influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate in wild aquatic birds. From this
reservoir, IAVs sporadically cause outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics in wild and …

The contribution of various modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been the subject of
recent intensive debate. The predominant route of the viral transmission is via exhaled …

Synthetic microfibers (MFs), which are Microplastics (MPs), have not received attention
commensurate with their abundance in the environment. Currently, limited studies on MFs …

In healthcare settings, contaminated surfaces play an important role in the transmission of
nosocomial pathogens potentially resulting in healthcare-associated infections (HAI) …

The world faces a severe and acute public health emergency due to the ongoing
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic caused by the severe acute …

Emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases continue to threaten human and animal health,
our social fabric, and the global economy. Zoonoses frequently emerge from congregate …