Differently from passive Brownian particles, active particles, also known as self-propelled
Brownian particles or microswimmers and nanoswimmers, are capable of taking up energy …

All living cells interact dynamically with a constantly changing world. Eukaryotes, in
particular, evolved radically new ways to sense and react to their environment. These …

Overdamped Brownian motion of a self-propelled particle is studied by solving the Langevin
equation analytically. On top of translational and rotational diffusion, in the context of the …

Unlike passive Brownian particles, active Brownian particles, also known as
microswimmers, propel themselves with directed motion and thus drive themselves out of …

Sperm require a sense of direction to locate the egg for fertilization. They follow gradients of
chemical and physical cues provided by the egg or the oviduct. However, the principles …

Sperm are propelled by an actively beating tail, and display a wide variety of swimming
patterns. When confined between two parallel walls, sperm swim either in circles or on …

After colliding with a surface, microswimmers reside there during the detention time. They
accumulate and may form complex structures such as biofilms. We introduce a general …

Microscopic swimmers, eg, chemotactic bacteria and cells, are capable of directed motion by
exerting a force on their environment. For asymmetric microswimmers, eg, bacteria …

Sperm are guided to the egg by a gradient of chemical attractants–a process called
chemotaxis. The binding of the chemoattractant to receptors on the surface of the flagellum …

In this minireview, recent progress in our understanding of the basic physical principles of
microswimmers which perform a motion characterized by chirality is summarized. We …