This review summarizes our current understanding of translation in prokaryotes, focusing on
the mechanistic and structural aspects of each phase of translation: initiation, elongation …

The high-resolution structures of ribosomal subunits published in 2000 have revolutionized
the field of protein translation. They facilitated the determination and interpretation of …

GTP-binding (G) proteins constitute a class of P-loop (phosphate-binding loop) proteins that
work as molecular switches between the GDP-bound OFF and the GTP-bound ON state. The …

Protein synthesis is one of the major targets in the cell for antibiotics. This review endeavors
to provide a comprehensive “post-ribosome structure” A–Z of the huge diversity of antibiotics …

Initiation of mRNA translation is a major checkpoint for regulating level and fidelity of protein
synthesis. Being rate limiting in protein synthesis, translation initiation also represents the …

The initiation of bacterial translation involves the tightly regulated joining of the 50S
ribosomal subunit to an initiator transfer RNA (fMet-tRNAfMet)-containing 30S ribosomal …

Translation termination in eukaryotes occurs in response to a stop codon in the ribosomal A-
site and requires two release factors (RFs), eRF1 and eRF3, which bind to the A-site as an …

There is mounting evidence indicating that protein synthesis is driven and regulated by
mechanisms that direct stochastic, large-scale conformational fluctuations of the …

Translation initiation, the rate-limiting step of the universal process of protein synthesis,
proceeds through sequential, tightly regulated steps. In bacteria, the correct messenger RNA …

On the basis of kinetic data on ribosome protein synthesis, the mechanical energy for
translocation of the mRNA–tRNA complex is thought to be provided by GTP hydrolysis of an …