The VIII nerve is formed by sensory neurons that innervate the inner ear, ie, the vestibular
and the auditory receptors. Neurons of the auditory portion, the cochlear afferent fibers that …

Birds such as the barn owl and zebra finch are known for their remarkable hearing abilities
that are critical for survival, communication, and vocal learning functions. A key to achieving …

The axon initial segment (AIS) is involved in action potential initiation. Structural and
biophysical characteristics of the AIS differ among cell types and/or brain regions, but the …

A global loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP; encoded by the Fmr1 gene)
leads to sensory dysfunction and intellectual disabilities. One underlying mechanism of …

Sound information is transduced into graded receptor potential by cochlear hair cells and
encoded as discrete action potentials of auditory nerve fibers. In the cochlear nucleus …

Topography in the avian cochlear nucleus magnocellularis (NM) is represented as gradually
increasing characteristic frequency (CF) along the caudolateral-to-rostromedial axis. In this …

In auditory pathways, the precision of action potential (AP) propagation depends on axon
myelination and high densities of voltage-gated Na (Nav) channels clustered at nodes of …

Tonotopic differentiation is fundamental for signal processing in the auditory system.
However, when and how this differentiation arises remain elusive. We addressed this issue …

In the avian auditory brain stem, acoustic timing and intensity cues are processed in
separate, parallel pathways via the two divisions of the cochlear nucleus, nucleus angularis …

In the auditory system, tonotopy is the spatial arrangement of where sounds of different
frequencies are processed. Defined by the organization of neurons and their inputs …