▪ Abstract Opioid receptors belong to the large superfamily of seven transmembrane-
spanning (7TM) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As a class, GPCRs are of …

Rationale Accumulating evidence indicates that brain kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) and
dynorphin, the endogenous ligand that binds at these receptors, are involved in regulating …

Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of
the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an …

Buprenorphine, an opioid with mixed agonist-antagonist activity at classical opioid
receptors, has been approved recently for the treatment of opioid dependency …

Buprenorphine (BUP) is an oripavine analgesic that is beneficial in the maintenance
treatment of opiate-dependent individuals. Although BUP has been studied extensively …

It is now clear that opioid receptors participate in the function of the cells of the immune
system, and evidence suggests that opioids modulate both innate and acquired immune …

Opiate and cocaine addictions are major social and medical problems that impose a
significant burden on society. Despite the size and scope of these problems, there are few …

Since the first description of their opioid properties three decades ago, dynorphins have
increasingly been thought to play a regulatory role in numerous functional pathways of the …

Opioid peptides are a family of structurally related neuromodulators which play a major role
in the control of nociceptive pathways. These peptides act through membrane receptors of …

The dynorphin-like peptides have profound effects on the state of the brain reward system
and human and animal behavior. The dynorphin-like peptides affect locomotor activity, food …