This work reviews the runoff generation process in forests. A survey of the delivery
mechanisms of hillslope runoff and the difficulties of incorporating some of them in recent …

In this review article, anthropogenic activities that cause acidification of Earth's air, waters,
and soils are examined. Although there are many mechanisms of acidification, the focus is …

In science, engineering and economics, decision problems are frequently modelled by
optimizing the value of a (primary) objective function under stated feasibility constraints. In …

The concept of indicator speci'! s is of central importance in the use of benthic
macroinvertebrates in biological monitoring.~ Indicator speciesn is defined here as a …

A new model has been developed for assessing multiple sources of nitrogen in catchments.
The model (INCA) is process based and uses reaction kinetic equations to simulate the …

Agricultural soil acidification in China is known to be caused by the over-application of
nitrogen (N) fertilizers, but the long-term impacts of different fertilization practices on …

This report describes the RAINS (Regional Acidification INformation and Simulation)
computer model, which provides a scientific overview of acidification, and links the science …

Animals, plants and soils interact with one another, with the terrestrial spheres, and with the
rest of the Cosmos. On land, this rich interaction creates landscape systems or …

The MAGIC model of the responses of catchments to acidic deposition has been applied
and tested extensively over a 15 year period at many sites and in many regions around the …

A soil acidification model has been developed to estimate long-term chemical changes in
soil and soil water in response to changes in atmospheric deposition. Its major outputs …